turner

Turner is primarily an English-language surname and, less commonly, a given name. It originated as an occupational surname for a turner, a craftsman who shapes wood or metal on a lathe. The name is widespread in English-speaking countries and is borne by many notable people, as well as by places and institutions.

Turner syndrome is a chromosomal condition that affects most girls and women. It typically results from monosomy X or other structural changes to the X chromosome. Features may include short stature, a webbed neck, and gonadal dysgenesis leading to infertility. Many individuals have normal intelligence, but some associated congenital heart defects can occur. Diagnosis is by karyotype; treatment can include growth hormone therapy and hormone replacement to induce puberty.

In media and art, Turner refers to several organizations and awards. Turner Broadcasting System, founded by Ted Turner, operated networks such as CNN, TNT, TBS, and Cartoon Network (now part of a larger media group). Turner Classic Movies is a film-oriented cable channel. The Turner Prize, established by the Tate in Britain and named after the 19th‑century painter J. M. W. Turner, honors contemporary visual art.

Turner is also the name of several places in the United States and other countries, and it appears in company names such as Turner Construction Company, a large U.S. construction firm. The term thus covers a range of uses across genealogical, medical, geographic, and corporate contexts.