Turizmus

Turizmus is the Hungarian term for tourism, encompassing the activities of people traveling to and staying outside their usual environment for not more than a year for leisure, business, or other purposes. The field covers travel planning, transport, accommodation, attractions, and supporting services, as well as the management of impacts on destinations and communities.

Historically, tourism developed as a social practice in the 18th and 19th centuries and expanded rapidly after World War II with mass travel and the growth of air transport. Today it includes domestic tourism within a country, inbound tourism by visitors from abroad, and outbound tourism by residents traveling elsewhere. Destination management organizations, national statistics, and international bodies coordinate policy, regulation, and promotion.

Economic and social significance: tourism generates employment, contributes to GDP, and supports local businesses, often driving regional development and cultural exchange. It can be highly seasonal in many places and sensitive to external shocks such as economic cycles, price fluctuations, and health or safety events. Sustainable management aims to balance visitor demand with environmental preservation and community well-being.

Types and trends: turizmus encompasses cultural, nature-based, adventure, medical, culinary, business, and urban tourism, among others. Sustainable tourism seeks to minimize environmental footprints, protect cultural heritage, and distribute benefits to local residents. Emerging trends include digital booking platforms, data-driven marketing, a focus on experiences over mere visits, and increased attention to resilience and climate adaptation.