Tulekustutus

Tulekustutus is the set of actions aimed at extinguishing a fire, limiting its spread, and reducing the risk to people, property, and the environment. It is a core component of fire safety and emergency response, carried out by fire and rescue services, and, where available, volunteer units, with trained civilians rarely involved in professional operations.

The process begins with scene assessment and rapid decision-making, followed by deployment of appropriate suppression resources. Suppression methods include direct application of extinguishing agents such as water, foam, dry chemical powders, or carbon dioxide, often used in combination with cooling, smothering, and fuel-source control. Ventilation and forcible entry may be used to improve access, remove dangerous gases, and support search-and-rescue efforts. After the active fire is controlled, salvage and overhaul work helps prevent rekindling and facilitates property recovery.

Equipment and personnel: Tulekustutus relies on specialized equipment, including fire engines, pumping and water-supply systems, hoses, protective clothing, and breathing apparatus. Responders work under an incident command structure, adhering to safety protocols and risk assessments to protect both firefighters and bystanders.

Organization and standards: In Estonia, firefighting and rescue operations are organized by the Rescue Board (Päästeamet) in cooperation with local municipalities, governed by national fire safety legislation and European standards. Tulekustutus procedures are integrated with broader emergency response, rescue, and public safety efforts.

Environmental considerations: The use of extinguishing agents and water runoff can affect the environment, so responders follow guidelines to minimize ecological impact while ensuring effective fire suppression.