Tsiviilõigussüsteemid

Tsiviilõigussüsteemid refers to the legal systems that govern private relationships between individuals and organizations. These systems deal with matters such as contracts, property, torts (civil wrongs), family law, and inheritance. The core principle is to resolve disputes and provide remedies when one party has wronged another, aiming to restore the injured party to their original position as much as possible.

There are two major categories of tsiviilõigussüsteemid: common law and civil law. Common law systems, originating in England, rely heavily on judicial precedent, meaning that decisions made by higher courts are binding on lower courts in similar cases. This judge-made law is a significant source of legal principles. Civil law systems, prevalent in continental Europe and many other parts of the world, are primarily based on codified statutes and comprehensive legal codes. Legislation is the main source of law, and judicial decisions, while important, are generally not binding precedent in the same way as in common law.

In both types of systems, the process of resolving disputes typically involves a court. Parties present their cases, evidence is introduced, and a judge or jury (depending on the jurisdiction and type of case) makes a determination. Remedies can include monetary damages, injunctions, specific performance, or other actions designed to rectify the wrong. The specific procedures and substantive rules vary significantly between different jurisdictions, even within the same broad legal tradition, reflecting the unique historical and cultural development of each legal system.