Tsüklooksügenaasid

Tsüklooksügenaasid are a group of enzymes that play a crucial role in the synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. These lipid compounds are important signaling molecules involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including inflammation, pain, fever, blood clotting, and reproduction.

There are several isoforms of cyclooxygenase, with the most well-known being COX-1 and COX-2. COX-1 is constitutively expressed in many tissues and is involved in normal physiological functions such as protecting the stomach lining and maintaining kidney function. COX-2, on the other hand, is primarily induced at sites of inflammation and is responsible for producing prostaglandins that mediate pain and swelling.

The activity of cyclooxygenases is inhibited by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen. These drugs work by blocking the active site of the enzymes, thereby preventing the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. While NSAIDs are effective in reducing pain and inflammation, their inhibition of COX-1 can lead to gastrointestinal side effects, while selective COX-2 inhibitors were developed to reduce these risks, though they have also been associated with cardiovascular issues.

Research into tsüklooksügenaasid continues to explore their complex roles in health and disease and the development of more targeted therapeutic strategies.

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