Translacje

Translacje is a Polish term used for two related, but distinct concepts depending on context: translations in linguistics and the geometric operation known as translation.

In geometry, translacja (translation) is a rigid motion that moves every point of a figure by the same fixed vector. The transformation T_v maps a point x to x + v, where v is the translation vector. Translations preserve distances and angles, and orientation is preserved; they do not involve rotation or reflection. The composition of translations yields another translation, and the set of all translations forms a group under composition, isomorphic to the additive group of the underlying space. In a plane, translations simply shift shapes without changing size or form; for example, shifting a square by the vector (3, 2) maps each vertex (x, y) to (x+3, y+2). In three dimensions, the concept is analogous.

In linguistics, translacja refers to the act or result of translating text or speech from a source language to a target language. It involves conveying meaning, style, and function while adapting to linguistic and cultural norms. Types include literary translation, technical translation, and audiovisual translation. Translational approaches include dynamic equivalence (sense-for-sense) and formal equivalence (word-for-word). The translation process typically comprises analysis of the source text, transfer of meaning, and generation and revision of the target text. Modern translation often combines human expertise with technologies such as computer-assisted translation tools, terminology databases, and machine translation, followed by post-editing. Quality assessment may involve accuracy checks, consistency reviews, and user feedback.

The term translacja appears in Polish-language mathematical and linguistic literature and is used in related fields to denote these concepts. See also: geometry, translation (mathematics), translation (linguistics), interpretation.