Transformatori

Transformatori are electrical devices that transfer electrical energy between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are commonly used to increase (step-up) or decrease (step-down) voltage levels in power systems. The basic principle behind a transformer is Faraday's law of induction, which states that a changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (EMF) in a conductor.

A transformer consists of two or more coils, known as windings, wound around a common core. The primary winding is connected to the input voltage, while the secondary winding is connected to the output voltage. The core is typically made of a ferromagnetic material, such as iron, to enhance the magnetic flux and improve efficiency.

Transformers are classified based on their construction and application. Core-type transformers have a single core with windings around it, while shell-type transformers have a core made up of interleaved laminations. Autotransformers have a single winding that serves as both the primary and secondary, while three-phase transformers have multiple windings to handle three-phase power.

Transformers are widely used in various applications, including power transmission, distribution, and conversion. They are essential components in electrical grids, enabling the efficient transmission of power over long distances. In addition, transformers are used in electronic devices to step down high voltages to safer levels for circuits and components.