Tragwerksform

Tragwerksform, in structural engineering, denotes the arrangement of a building’s or bridge’s load-bearing elements and thus the overall structural system. It describes how elements such as columns, beams, walls, arches, shells, and cables work together to transfer loads to the foundation. The term emphasizes the form and behavior of the load path rather than aesthetics alone.

Common Tragwerksformen include load-bearing masonry, frame structures (steel or concrete frames with columns and beams), braced frames for lateral resistance, truss systems, arches and vaults, shell structures, and cable-supported systems like cable nets or cable-stayed arrangements. Hybrid and composite forms combine materials to optimize strength, stiffness, and economy. The dominant load path defines the form.

Material choices influence the Tragwerksform: concrete, steel, timber, or masonry each enable different arrangements and spans. The form is selected to satisfy requirements for strength, stiffness, durability, constructability, and architectural intent, as well as code provisions for wind and seismic action.

Historically, Tragwerksformen evolved from massive load-bearing walls and arches to skeleton frames that allow open interiors and taller buildings. Modern forms exploit advanced materials and computational design, enabling complex geometries and optimized performance. The Tragwerksform is a central consideration in both architectural expression and structural safety.