Touriga

Touriga is a term used in viticulture to describe several Portuguese red grape varieties, most notably Touriga Nacional and Touriga Franca (also known as Franca or Francesa). The name is often used to refer to the group as a whole, rather than a single variety. These grapes are central to Port wine production and are widely employed in dry red wines from the Douro and other Portuguese regions.

Originating in Portugal, touriga varieties have long been associated with the Douro Valley and surrounding areas. They are among the most important red grapes in Portugal, with Touriga Nacional prized for its structure and depth and Touriga Franca valued for aroma and pigment. In addition to the Douro, they are planted in other regions such as Dão and Alentejo, where they contribute to both fortified and table wines.

In the vineyard, Touriga Nacional tends to be late-ripening, producing deeply colored, tannic wines with flavors and aromas of black fruit, violets, and spice. Touriga Franca generally ripens earlier and offers pronounced perfume, softer tannins, and strong color. In Port blends, these varieties provide balance between backbone and aromatic complexity; in dry wines, they add richness, structure, and aging potential.

Outside Portugal, touriga plantings exist in several wine regions, including Australia and some parts of the Americas, where winemakers use the grapes for both varietal styles and fortified-style blends. Overall, touriga remains closely tied to Portuguese wine identity, while also appearing in international red wines.