Torino

Torino, commonly known as Turin in English, is a city and comune in the Piedmont region of northwestern Italy. It is the capital of Piedmont and a major industrial, cultural, and university center. The city lies on the Po River at the western end of the Susa Valley, near the Alps. It has about 870,000 residents, with a metropolitan area around 1.5 million.

Historically, Torino grew from a Roman settlement and became the seat of the House of Savoy. It served as the capital of the Duchy of Savoy and later as the first capital of the unified Kingdom of Italy in 1861, before the capital moved to Florence in 1865 and then to Rome in 1870. In the 20th century it developed into a major industrial city as the headquarters of Fiat. The city hosted the 2006 Winter Olympics.

Key sights and institutions include the Mole Antonelliana, a landmark housing the National Cinema Museum; the Royal Palace of Turin (Palazzo Reale) and the adjacent Palazzo Madama; the Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist, which houses the Shroud of Turin; and the Egypt—or Egyptian—Museum, one of the world's most important collections. Turin is also known for the Lingotto complex and the National Automobile Museum. The University of Turin and the Polytechnic University of Turin are among Italy’s oldest and most prestigious universities.

Torino is served by two main railway stations, Porta Nuova and Porta Susa, and by Torino Caselle Airport. Public transport includes trams and buses, with high-speed rail connections to major Italian cities.