Toprock

Toprock is the standing portion of breakdancing, performed upright before the more acrobatic elements of a routine. It serves to establish rhythm, style, and musical interpretation, and to set the tempo for what follows. Dancers perform a sequence of footwork patterns, hops, step-cross steps, and coordinated arm and body movements in time with the music. Toprock can be simple and steady or complex and percussive, reflecting the dancer’s personal flavor and responsiveness to the beat. It is often used to engage the audience and to demonstrate control, balance, and timing at the outset of a routine or battle.

Origins and development trace to the breakdancing culture that emerged in New York City during the 1970s among B-boys and B-girls. Toprock grew from a blend of funk, hip hop, and other street-dance influences, evolving as dancers developed their individual styles while maintaining a focus on rhythm and stage presence.

Techniques and structure in toprock vary widely by school and individual. A typical sequence includes a series of forward and backward steps, pivots, and hops, with complementary arm and hip movements synchronized to the beat. Some dancers incorporate named patterns such as Indian steps or other signature sequences to highlight timing and musicality. In battles or performances, toprock is usually used to establish contrast with later downrock or power moves and to showcase stylistic originality.