Tonsillektomia

Tonsillektomia refers to the surgical removal of the tonsils, which are two small masses of lymphoid tissue located at the back of the throat, one on each side. This procedure is commonly performed to address recurrent or severe infections, chronic tonsillitis, or complications such as peritonsillar abscesses. Tonsils play a role in the immune system by trapping and filtering pathogens, but in some cases, they become problematic due to frequent infections or other conditions.

The decision to undergo tonsillektomia is typically made after conservative treatments, such as antibiotics or other medications, have failed to provide relief. Common indications include seven or more episodes of tonsillitis per year, persistent throat infections, difficulty breathing or swallowing, or complications like obstructive sleep apnea. In children, recurrent infections may also impact school attendance and overall quality of life.

The procedure is usually performed under general anesthesia, lasting about 30 to 45 minutes. Traditional methods involve the use of a scalpel, laser, or electrocautery to remove the tonsils, while newer techniques, such as coblation, use radiofrequency energy for precision. Recovery typically takes one to two weeks, during which patients may experience soreness, difficulty swallowing, and mild bleeding. Pain management and a soft diet are often recommended during this period.

Complications from tonsillektomia are rare but can include bleeding, infection, or temporary voice changes. Long-term benefits often include reduced risk of future tonsillitis and improved breathing, particularly in cases of sleep apnea. While tonsillektomia is generally safe, the procedure is not without risks, and patients should discuss potential benefits and drawbacks with their healthcare provider.

Post-surgery, most individuals return to normal activities within a week, though strenuous exercise should be avoided for a few days. Children and adults alike may experience temporary changes in taste perception, which usually resolves over time. Overall, tonsillektomia is considered a standard and effective treatment for persistent tonsil-related issues when other options have been exhausted.