Tibiaschaftfrakturen

Tibiaschaftfrakturen, also known as fractures of the tibial shaft, refer to breaks occurring in the long, central portion of the tibia, the larger of the two bones in the lower leg. These injuries are common and can result from direct trauma, such as a fall or a sports-related impact, or indirect forces, like twisting injuries. The severity of a tibiaschaftfraktur can vary significantly, ranging from simple hairline cracks to complete breaks with displacement of bone fragments.

Symptoms typically include immediate pain, swelling, and tenderness over the affected area of the tibia. The patient may be unable to bear weight on the injured leg. Deformity of the leg, bruising, and in open fractures, visible bone protruding through the skin, are also possible signs. Diagnosis is usually confirmed through X-rays, which help to determine the location, pattern, and severity of the fracture.

Treatment depends on the type and stability of the fracture. Non-displaced or minimally displaced fractures may be managed non-surgically with immobilization, such as a cast or a functional brace, allowing the bone to heal over several weeks to months. Displaced, unstable, or open fractures often require surgical intervention. Common surgical approaches include open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with plates and screws, or intramedullary nailing, where a rod is inserted down the center of the bone.

Complications, though not universal, can include infection, particularly with open fractures, delayed healing or nonunion (failure of the bone to heal), malunion (healing in an incorrect position), nerve or blood vessel damage, and compartment syndrome, a serious condition of increased pressure within the muscle compartments of the lower leg. Rehabilitation, including physical therapy, is crucial for regaining strength, range of motion, and full function of the leg after treatment.