Thromboelastometry

Thromboelastometry is a diagnostic technique used to assess the coagulation properties of blood. It measures the viscoelastic properties of a blood clot as it forms and dissolves. The test provides a comprehensive picture of the entire hemostatic process, from initial clot formation to clot retraction and lysis.

The procedure involves placing a small sample of whole blood into a specialized cuvette containing a probe. The probe oscillates within the blood sample, and changes in the resistance to its movement are recorded over time. These changes reflect the developing clot's strength and elasticity. Key parameters measured include reaction time (time to initial clot formation), clot formation time, maximum clot firmness, and lysis time.

Thromboelastometry is particularly useful in managing patients with significant bleeding, such as those undergoing major surgery or trauma. It can help guide transfusion therapy by identifying specific hemostatic defects, such as deficiencies in clotting factors, platelets, or fibrinolysis. This allows for more targeted and effective treatment, potentially reducing the need for unnecessary blood product administration. The test is also employed in critical care settings, liver transplantation, and in the evaluation of inherited or acquired bleeding disorders. Its ability to monitor the dynamic nature of clot formation and breakdown offers advantages over traditional coagulation tests, which often provide only static measurements.