Thoracotomie

Thoracotomie is a surgical operation involving the artificial opening of the chest cavity. This incision allows the surgeon to access the organs and tissues within the thoracic cavity, including the lungs, heart, and esophagus. The procedure requires precise techniques and knowledge of the thoracic anatomy to ensure minimal damage to surrounding structures.

There are various types of thoracotomies, classified based on the location and extent of the incision. The most common types include:

* Posterolateral thoracotomy: A posterior approach that involves an incision along the posterior border of the scapula and the lateral aspect of the spine.

* Anterolateral thoracotomy: An anterior approach that involves a transverse or median sternotomy (incision through the sternum).

* Median sternotomy: A vertical incision through the midline of the sternum, often used in cardiac surgery.

Thoracotomy is performed for various indications, including the repair of traumatic injuries, lung resection for malignancy or infection, and surgical repair of congenital heart defects. The procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia and requires the patient to be in a prone or supine position during surgery.

Complications associated with thoracotomies include respiratory and cardiac issues, infection, and bleeding. The risk of these complications increases with the complexity and extent of the procedure. Postoperative care is crucial to prevent respiratory and cardiac complications, and to facilitate proper healing and rehabilitation.

Thoracotomy is a crucial surgical technique used to treat various thoracic diseases and injuries. Despite advancements in minimally invasive surgical techniques, open thoracotomy remains a valuable tool for surgeons due to its versatility and accessibility.