Textúrázásra

Textúrázásra, in English often referred to as texturing, is a fundamental technique in computer graphics used to add detail and realism to the surfaces of 3D models. It involves applying a two-dimensional image, known as a texture map, onto the three-dimensional geometry of an object. This texture map can depict various surface properties such as color, roughness, reflectivity, or even intricate patterns like wood grain, fabric weaves, or stone imperfections.

The process of applying a texture typically involves UV mapping, where the 3D model's surface is "unwrapped" into a 2D space. This 2D representation, called UV coordinates, dictates how the texture image will be projected onto the model. Different mapping techniques exist, including planar, cylindrical, and spherical mapping, chosen based on the shape of the object.

Texture maps can be created manually using digital art software, derived from photographs, or generated procedurally using algorithms. The resolution and complexity of the texture map directly influence the visual fidelity of the rendered object. Beyond simple color, modern texturing often involves multiple texture maps, such as normal maps to simulate surface bumps and dents without adding extra geometry, and specular maps to control how light reflects off the surface. This layering of information allows for highly detailed and convincing material representations in digital environments.