Tetanustoxoideja

Tetanustoxoideja, also known as tetanus toxoid vaccine, is a biological preparation used to prevent tetanus infection. Tetanus is a serious bacterial disease caused by Clostridium tetani, which enters the body through wounds and produces a potent neurotoxin. This toxin affects the nervous system, leading to painful muscle spasms, particularly in the jaw and neck, which is why it is commonly called lockjaw.

The tetanus toxoid vaccine works by exposing the body to an inactivated form of the tetanus toxin. This inactivated toxin, or toxoid, is not harmful but is recognized by the immune system as foreign. In response, the immune system produces antibodies that are specific to the tetanus toxin. If the vaccinated individual is later exposed to the actual tetanus toxin, these pre-existing antibodies can neutralize the toxin before it can cause harm, thus preventing the disease.

Tetanus toxoid is typically administered as part of a combination vaccine, such as DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis) for children or Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis) for adolescents and adults. Initial vaccination series are usually given in childhood, followed by booster doses every ten years or more frequently if there is a significant injury. Pregnant women are also recommended to receive a tetanus booster to provide passive immunity to their newborns. The vaccine is generally safe and effective, with minor side effects like soreness at the injection site being common.