Terpineols

Terpineols are a group of monoterpene alcohols that constitute several isomeric compounds derived from the terpenoid skeleton. The common members are alpha-terpineol, beta-terpineol, and gamma-terpineol (also referred to as terpinyl alcohol). Collectively, they are characterized by a floral, sometimes lilac-like odor and are used for fragrance and flavor purposes.

Natural occurrence and production: Terpineols occur in a variety of essential oils, most notably pine oil, and are also found in citrus and other plant oils. They can be isolated from essential oil fractions or prepared synthetically through chemical transformations of related terpenes, such as rearrangements and hydrogenations of pine-derived terpenes. Industrially, they are produced and purified as fragrance and flavor ingredients.

Properties and applications: Terpineols are typically colorless to pale liquids with pleasant aromatic notes. Alpha-terpineol is especially recognized for its lilac-like scent and is widely employed in perfumery and as a flavoring ingredient. They are soluble in organic solvents and have limited water solubility, making them useful in a range of cosmetic, household, and food applications. They may appear alone or as components of complex fragrance blends and contribute to the overall character of various essential-oil-derived products.

Safety and regulation: Terpineols are commonly used in the fragrance and flavor industries. They generally present low acute toxicity but can cause irritation or sensitization in some individuals at high concentrations or with prolonged exposure. Handling concentrated terpineol fractions requires standard safety precautions, and regulatory approval for specific uses varies by jurisdiction.