Termodynamická

Termodynamická is an adjective in Czech meaning “thermodynamic,” relating to thermodynamics, the field of physics and physical chemistry that studies energy transfer in systems through heat and work, and the properties and states of matter under thermal effects.

The term is used to name and describe phenomena, properties, and processes: termodynamické vlastnosti (thermodynamic properties), termodynamické procesy (thermodynamic processes), termodynamická rovnováha (thermodynamic equilibrium), and termodynamické zákony (thermodynamic laws). It spans physics, chemistry, engineering, and materials science.

Core concepts of thermodynamics include energy conservation (First Law), the distinction between heat and work, and the concept of entropy and irreversibility (Second Law). The Zeroth Law defines thermal equilibrium; the Third Law concerns the behavior of entropy as temperature approaches absolute zero. State variables commonly involved are internal energy (U), enthalpy (H), entropy (S), and Gibbs free energy (G).

History and applications: Thermodynamics emerged in the 19th century during the study of heat engines, with contributions from Carnot, Joule, Clausius, and others. Today thermodynamic principles underpin the design of engines and refrigerators, power plants, chemical reactions, phase transitions, and many areas of materials science and chemical engineering.

In Czech usage, termodynamická is a standard adjective used in textbooks, articles, and technical terminology, often forming compounds with nouns to indicate the relation to thermodynamics, e.g., termodynamické procesy, termodynamická rovnováha, termodynamická analýza.