Teratogénica

Teratogénica refers to the characteristic of a substance, agent, or process that can cause developmental abnormalities in a fetus. These abnormalities, known as teratogenesis, can affect the physical structure, function, or development of the unborn child. The term "teratogen" is derived from the Greek words "teras" (monster) and "genesis" (creation).

Teratogens can include a wide range of factors. Infectious agents such as certain viruses (e.g., Zika, rubella) and bacteria can cause birth defects. Environmental chemicals, including certain pesticides, heavy metals like lead and mercury, and industrial solvents, are also known teratogens. Medications, such as some anticonvulsants, retinoids, and thalidomide, have been identified as teratogenic. Lifestyle factors, including excessive alcohol consumption and smoking during pregnancy, can also lead to developmental problems. Radiation, such as that from X-rays, can also pose a risk.

The effect of a teratogen depends on several factors, including the dose of the agent, the timing of exposure during pregnancy (critical periods of organ development are particularly vulnerable), and the genetic susceptibility of the fetus. Not all exposures to teratogens will result in birth defects, and the severity can vary greatly. Understanding and avoiding known teratogens are crucial aspects of prenatal care to promote healthy fetal development.