Teofylliiniä

Teofylliiniä is the Finnish name for the drug theophylline. Theophylline is a medication belonging to the xanthine class of bronchodilators. It is primarily used in the treatment of respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. It works by relaxing the muscles in the airways, making it easier to breathe. Theophylline is typically administered orally in the form of tablets or capsules, often in extended-release formulations to maintain a stable blood level and reduce the frequency of dosing.

The mechanism of action of theophylline is complex and not fully understood, but it is believed to involve the inhibition of phosphodiesterase enzymes, leading to increased levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) within smooth muscle cells, which promotes relaxation. It also has anti-inflammatory effects. While effective, theophylline has a narrow therapeutic index, meaning the difference between a safe and effective dose and a toxic dose is small. This requires careful monitoring of blood levels to avoid adverse effects.

Common side effects of theophylline can include nausea, vomiting, headache, insomnia, and restlessness. More serious side effects, often associated with higher doses or toxicity, can include rapid heart rate, arrhythmias, seizures, and even death. Due to its potential for toxicity and the availability of safer and more effective alternatives, theophylline is now less commonly used as a first-line treatment for asthma and COPD compared to inhaled corticosteroids and beta-agonists. However, it may still be prescribed in certain situations or for patients who do not respond well to other treatments.