Tensziométer

Tensziométer is a Hungarian term that translates to tensiometer in English. A tensiometer is a scientific instrument used to measure the soil water tension, which is the energy with which soil water is held by the soil. This measurement is crucial for understanding soil moisture availability to plants, irrigation scheduling, and agricultural research.

The principle behind a tensiometer is relatively simple. It consists of a porous ceramic cup, a water-filled tube, and a vacuum gauge. The ceramic cup is buried in the soil, and as the soil dries, water is drawn out of the cup by capillary action. This creates a partial vacuum inside the tube, which is measured by the gauge. The higher the vacuum reading, the drier the soil and the greater the tension with which the water is held. Conversely, a lower reading indicates wetter soil with less tension.

Tensiometers are commonly used in agriculture and horticulture to monitor soil moisture conditions in the root zone. By observing the readings, farmers and gardeners can determine when to irrigate, avoiding both overwatering and underwatering. Overwatering can lead to root rot and nutrient leaching, while underwatering can stress plants and reduce crop yields. Tensiometers provide a direct and practical way to manage water resources effectively. They are also employed in environmental studies, such as monitoring soil moisture in ecological research and assessing the impact of drought.