Tannholdssjúkdómur

Tannholdssjúkdómur, also known as periodontal disease, is a common inflammatory condition affecting the gums and supporting structures of the teeth. It begins with gingivitis, an earlier and milder form characterized by inflammation and bleeding of the gums. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a more severe stage where the gum tissue pulls away from the teeth, forming pockets.

These pockets can become infected and filled with bacteria. The body's immune response to fight the infection, along with toxins produced by the bacteria, causes the breakdown of the bone and connective tissue that hold teeth in place. This can eventually lead to tooth loosening and loss.

Risk factors for developing tannholdssjúkdómur include poor oral hygiene, smoking, diabetes, hormonal changes, certain medications, and genetic predisposition. Symptoms can include red, swollen, or tender gums, bleeding during brushing or flossing, persistent bad breath, receding gums, and loose teeth.

Treatment typically involves professional dental cleanings to remove plaque and tartar, along with improved home care practices such as regular brushing and flossing. In more advanced cases, surgical procedures may be necessary to repair damaged tissues and bone. Prevention is key, focusing on maintaining excellent oral hygiene and attending regular dental check-ups.