Tachinidae

Tachinidae is a large and diverse family of flies, commonly known as tachinid flies. It is one of the most species-rich families within the order Diptera, with thousands of described species found worldwide. Tachinids are primarily parasitoids of other arthropods, especially the larval stages of Lepidoptera, but they also attack beetles, true bugs, and occasionally other hosts. Adults are usually medium-sized and robust, often bristly, and many species mimic bees or wasps. Taxonomic identification can be challenging and often relies on detailed morphological examination and, in some groups, the analysis of genitalia.

Ecology and life cycle: Female tachinids lay eggs on or near potential hosts, or give birth to larvae that enter a host after oviposition. The developing larva is an endoparasitoid, feeding inside the host and typically causing its death before pupation. Pupation may occur inside the host cadaver or in the surrounding environment, with adults emerging after a period of development or diapause. Adults feed on nectar, pollen, and other sugar sources and are commonly found on flowers.

Hosts and diversity: Tachinids parasitize a wide range of arthropods. Many species specialize on caterpillars (Lepidoptera), aiding in the natural control of pest populations. Others attack beetle larvae, true bugs, or other insects. Some subfamilies exhibit strong host specialization, while others are more generalist.

Importance: Tachinids are important natural enemies in ecosystems and have been explored for use in biological control programs to suppress pest insects. Conservation and habitat management can support tachinid populations by preserving nectar sources and appropriate breeding habitats.