Tacchino

Tacchino is the Italian name for the turkey, a large bird native to North America. The wild species is Meleagris gallopavo, from which most domestic turkeys have been bred. Domestic turkeys are commonly classified as Meleagris gallopavo domesticus and are raised primarily for meat, though some populations maintain breeding stock. Turkeys vary by breed in size, plumage, and growth rate, with many modern commercial lines selected for large breast meat and efficient production.

Domestication occurred in the Americas before European contact, with evidence of cultural use by Mesoamerican peoples. The birds were introduced to Europe in the 16th century and gradually spread worldwide. Today, turkey is produced on six continents and features prominently in festive and everyday meals in many cuisines.

Adult male turkeys, called toms, are larger and may display a tail fan; females are hens. Both sexes have a bare head and a fleshy snood and wattles. Turkeys are omnivorous, feeding on seeds, insects, and fruit, and roosting habits vary by environment.

Commercial production relies on selective breeding to increase growth rate and meat yield, particularly breast meat. Typical market animals reach substantial weights within a few months. Welfare concerns include housing, enrichment, and transport conditions. Nutritionally, white meat from the breast is leaner, while dark meat from the legs contains more fat.

Turkey meat is used in a variety of dishes, from roasts to sausages and deli products. In Italy, carne di tacchino appears in stews, roasts, and quick meals, while international cuisines feature turkey in festive or everyday preparations.