TWS

True Wireless Stereo (TWS) refers to a class of wireless audio devices consisting of two separate earbuds that pair with a source device via Bluetooth and deliver stereo sound with no wires between the earpieces. Each earbud contains its own battery and radio, and typically connects to a charging case that stores and recharges them when not in use. The left and right buds synchronize for left-right stereo playback, with one earbud often designated as the master during the pairing process.

TWS products usually use Bluetooth to communicate with the source device, and may support multipoint pairing, allowing connection to more than one device simultaneously. Audio data is compressed with codecs such as SBC or AAC, and higher-end models may support aptX, aptX Adaptive, or LDAC. Some devices include additional features such as active noise cancellation, transparency or ambient mode, touch or tap controls, and sensors for auto-pause when removed.

Battery life varies by model, typically offering 3 to 7 hours of listening on a single charge, with the charging case providing multiple additional charges for a total runtime often between 15 and 40 hours. Water resistance, wireless charging, and app-based customization are common optional features.

The term TWS arose in the mid-2010s to distinguish true wireless earphones from earlier wireless sets that still used a connecting cable between buds. The form factor gained prominence with mass-market products in the late 2010s, led by consumer brands expanding beyond premium audio.