THCV

THCV, or tetrahydrocannabivarin, is a phytocannabinoid found in Cannabis sativa and related species. It is a structural analog of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) but contains a propyl side chain instead of a pentyl group, giving it a distinct pharmacological profile. THCV is typically present in cannabis in much smaller amounts than THC, though certain cultivars can have higher levels. Extraction and isolation are used for research and specialized products; in hemp-derived materials it is usually present at trace levels, depending on the cultivar and growing conditions.

Pharmacology and effects: THCV interacts with the endocannabinoid system, affecting CB1 and CB2 receptors, and its effects differ from THC. Anecdotally, THCV is reported to produce a shorter, more stimulatory psychoactive effect in some users, with appetite suppression observed in some studies at certain doses. At other doses, effects may resemble mild THC-like psychoactivity but with potentially different duration. The exact mechanisms and dose-response relationships are still under study.

Medical and research status: Investigations have explored THCV for potential metabolic and neuroprotective properties, including appetite regulation, weight management, diabetes-related endpoints, anticonvulsant activity, and anti-inflammatory effects. Evidence remains preliminary, mostly in animal models or small human studies, and no THCV-focused medicines are approved in major markets.

Regulatory status: THCV-containing products are subject to variable regulation by country and jurisdiction. In places where cannabis and hemp are regulated, THCV may be controlled as a cannabinoid within a broad framework for cannabis constituents; corporate products and consumer products may have labeling challenges and quality concerns.