cannabinoid

Cannabinoids are chemical compounds that interact with the body's endocannabinoid system. They include plant-derived phytocannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoids, and endogenous endocannabinoids produced within the body.

The endocannabinoid system consists mainly of CB1 and CB2 receptors and endogenous ligands such as anandamide (AEA) and 2-AG. It regulates neurotransmitter release and influences pain, appetite, mood, immune function, and inflammation; endocannabinoids are synthesized on demand and degraded by the enzymes FAAH and MAGL.

Phytocannabinoids include THC, CBD, CBG, and CBN. THC is the main psychoactive component, acting as a partial agonist at CB1 receptors; CBD has minimal direct CB1/CB2 activity but modulates signaling and interacts with multiple receptors.

Therapeutic use and safety: Some cannabinoids are approved as medicines (e.g., dronabinol and nabilone for nausea and appetite, Epidiolex for certain seizure disorders). They may treat chronic pain and inflammatory conditions, but side effects include cognitive effects, dizziness, and tachycardia; risk varies with potency and use context.

Legal status varies widely by country and region, with many places permitting medical use, while others restrict all cannabis-derived products. Regulatory frameworks typically cover quality control, labeling, and age restrictions.