TBEalueet

TBEalueet refer to geographic areas where the tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus circulates in ticks, creating an elevated risk for humans who are bitten. The designation is used by public health authorities to guide risk communication, surveillance, and vaccination recommendations. The virus is transmitted primarily by Ixodes ticks after feeding on small mammals and other wildlife. Humans become infected through tick bites; there is no sustained human-to-human transmission.

TBE risk areas are found across parts of Northern and Central Europe and the Baltic region. In Finland, risk is concentrated along the southwestern coast, including coastal archipelagos and the Åland Islands, with risk maps periodically updated by national health authorities. Similar patterns occur in neighboring countries, and climate and ecological changes can influence tick distribution and the size of risk areas.

Disease in humans often shows a biphasic course: initial flu-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue and headache, followed by possible neurological involvement including meningitis or encephalitis. Some cases recover fully, while others may experience long-term neurological sequelae. Severity can vary with age and individual health.

Prevention focuses on reducing exposure to ticks and vaccination. Protective clothing, the use of repellents containing DEET or picaridin, and regular tick checks after outdoor activity are advised in risk areas. An effective TBE vaccination is available in many countries and is recommended for people living in or traveling to endemic areas. The vaccine requires a series of doses, followed by booster doses to maintain protection.