Sünteesilised

Sünteesilised (also known as synthetic fabrics) refer to a broad category of textile materials produced through chemical processes rather than natural sources. These fabrics are manufactured primarily from petrochemicals, such as petroleum or natural gas, and are designed to replicate or enhance the properties of natural fibers like cotton, wool, or silk. The development of synthetic fibers began in the early 20th century, with the first commercially successful synthetic fiber, nylon, introduced in 1938.

Synthetic fabrics are valued for their durability, resistance to wrinkles, and low maintenance requirements. Common types include polyester, which is widely used for its strength and elasticity; nylon, known for its resilience and moisture-wicking properties; and acrylic, favored for its warmth and softness, often used in sweaters and blankets. Other examples include spandex (or elastane), which provides stretch and flexibility, and rayon, a semi-synthetic fiber derived from wood pulp that mimics the feel of natural fibers like silk or cotton.

The production of synthetic fabrics has both environmental and economic advantages. They are generally more affordable than natural fibers and can be engineered to have specific characteristics, such as water resistance or UV protection. However, their production raises concerns about sustainability, as they contribute to microplastic pollution when washed and rely on fossil fuels. Additionally, synthetic fibers may lack the breathability and moisture absorption of natural fibers, which can affect comfort in certain climates.

Synthetic fabrics are used across various industries, including fashion, automotive interiors, and home textiles. Their versatility and performance have made them a staple in modern manufacturing, though ongoing research focuses on developing more eco-friendly alternatives, such as biodegradable or recycled synthetic fibers.