Söötmed

Söötmed, in Estonian, refers to the materials used to feed farm animals. In agriculture, the term encompasses a range of substances that provide energy, protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals for livestock, poultry, and other production animals. They can be used as complete feeds or as components in mixed rations and include plant-based feeds, by-products, and formulated supplements.

Common types include roughage (hay, silage, and straw), concentrates (grains such as barley, wheat, and corn; oilseed meals), and by-products (beet pulp, brewery or distillers grains). Mineral and vitamin supplements and premixes are also used to balance diets. Feeds are classified as roughage or concentrates, and as complete feeds or complements to a base ration, depending on the nutritional needs of the animals and production goals.

Quality and safety are central to Söötmed. Key considerations include nutrient content (energy, protein, fiber, minerals), digestibility, moisture, and storage conditions. Contaminants such as mycotoxins, pesticides, and other residues are monitored, and labeling of ingredients and additives follows regulatory requirements. Proper feed formulation and ration balancing are essential to animal health, productivity, and welfare.

Production and regulation occur through feed mills and suppliers who produce and market Söötmed in accordance with national and EU standards. Regulations cover safety, labeling, and verification of ingredients and additives, ensuring traceability and compliance. Sustainable practices increasingly influence feed choices, emphasizing efficient energy use, by-product utilization, and reduced environmental impact.