Sähköparistot

Sähköparistot, often translated as electric batteries or more commonly just batteries, are devices that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. This process is achieved through electrochemical reactions occurring within the battery. A basic electric battery consists of two dissimilar electrical conductors, known as electrodes (an anode and a cathode), which are immersed in an electrolyte. The electrolyte is a substance that allows for the flow of ions between the electrodes, completing the electrical circuit. When a battery is connected to an external circuit, a chemical reaction at the anode releases electrons, which flow through the external circuit to the cathode. Simultaneously, ions move through the electrolyte to maintain charge balance. This flow of electrons constitutes an electric current.

There are two primary types of electric batteries: primary batteries and secondary batteries. Primary batteries are non-rechargeable; once the chemical reactants are depleted, the battery is discarded. Examples include alkaline batteries commonly used in remote controls and flashlights. Secondary batteries, on the other hand, are rechargeable. The electrochemical reactions can be reversed by applying an external electrical current, allowing the battery to be used multiple times. Lead-acid batteries, found in cars, and lithium-ion batteries, prevalent in portable electronics, are examples of secondary batteries. The development of electric batteries has been crucial for powering portable devices and enabling technologies that are independent of a direct electrical grid connection.