Szövegértési

Szövegértési is a term used to refer to the domain and processes of text comprehension. In educational and cognitive contexts, it denotes the ability to understand written texts, interpret meaning, and relate new information to what the reader already knows. Szövegértés encompasses not only literal understanding of stated facts but also the capacity to infer, analyze structure, evaluate arguments, and draw conclusions from a text.

In practice, szövegértési skills are assessed through tasks that require identifying explicit information, making inferences, understanding vocabulary in context, recognizing authors’ purposes, and evaluating credibility or usefulness of information. Texts used in such assessments vary in genre and complexity, including narratives, expository passages, and informational materials. Effective szövegértés depends on several interacting factors: language proficiency, vocabulary knowledge, working memory, background knowledge, and motivation, as well as the cognitive demands of the text such as coherence, cohesion, and rhetorical structure.

Instruction aimed at developing szövegértés typically includes explicit strategy instruction (predicting, questioning, clarifying, summarizing), guided practice with diverse texts, and opportunities to activate prior knowledge. Teaching may also focus on metacognitive strategies, such as monitoring comprehension and recognizing when understanding breaks down, as well as improving vocabulary and background knowledge to support meaning construction.

In research and practice, szövegértési research often investigates models of comprehension, assessment reliability, and interventions designed to improve reading understanding across different ages, languages, and contexts. Related concepts include olvasásértés and olvasási készség, which refer to reading comprehension and decoding-related skills, respectively.