Szkíta

Szkíta is a term referring to a group of ancient nomadic peoples who inhabited the vast Eurasian Steppe from roughly the 7th to the 3rd centuries BCE. These peoples, collectively known as Scythians, were renowned for their equestrian skills, martial prowess, and distinctive art, often characterized by elaborate animal motifs. Their culture spread across a wide territory, encompassing parts of modern-day Ukraine, Southern Russia, Kazakhstan, and Central Asia.

The Scythians were not a unified empire but rather a collection of tribes and confederations who shared a common cultural and linguistic background. They were primarily pastoralists, relying on their herds for sustenance and their horses for mobility and warfare. Their military tactics were highly effective, often involving swift cavalry charges and archery, which allowed them to dominate the steppe for centuries.

Archaeological evidence, particularly from richly furnished burial mounds known as kurgans, has provided significant insights into Scythian life. These discoveries include exquisite gold artifacts, weaponry, and tools, as well as remains of their horses and chariots, showcasing their advanced craftsmanship and their deep connection to their mounts. While they left no extensive written records of their own, information about them comes from ancient Greek and Persian sources, such as the writings of Herodotus, who described their customs and interactions with settled civilizations. The Scythians eventually declined and were largely assimilated or displaced by other nomadic groups like the Sarmatians.