Szinkrongenerátoroknak

Szinkrongenerátoroknak, often referred to as synchronous generators, are a type of AC electrical generator that maintains a constant rotational speed synchronized with the frequency of the electrical grid. This synchronization is achieved through the interaction of a magnetic field generated by a DC current in the rotor with the rotating magnetic field produced by the AC current in the stator windings. They are the primary source of electricity generation in most power grids worldwide.

The fundamental principle of operation relies on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. When the rotor, driven by a prime mover like a turbine (steam, gas, hydro, or wind), rotates at synchronous speed, its magnetic field cuts through the stationary stator windings. This induces an electromotive force (EMF) in the stator, which drives current at the grid frequency. The speed of the rotor is directly proportional to the frequency of the generated electricity and the number of poles on the rotor.

Szinkrongenerátoroknak are crucial for grid stability because their constant speed ensures a reliable and predictable power output that matches the demand. Deviations in speed would lead to frequency fluctuations, which can disrupt the operation of other connected devices and even cause widespread blackouts. They are characterized by their ability to operate at a leading, lagging, or unity power factor by adjusting the DC excitation current in the rotor. This capability makes them valuable for voltage regulation and reactive power compensation within the power system. Their robust design and high efficiency make them a cornerstone of modern electrical power generation.