Szelepfunkciórendellenességek

Szelepfunkciórendellenességek refers to conditions affecting the heart valves, which are crucial for directing blood flow through the heart. These valves ensure blood moves in one direction and prevent backflow. When a valve doesn't function properly, it can lead to significant cardiovascular problems.

There are two primary types of szelepfunkciórendellenességek: stenosis and regurgitation. Valvular stenosis occurs when a valve opening narrows, obstructing blood flow and forcing the heart to work harder to pump blood. This can lead to fatigue, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Valvular regurgitation, also known as insufficiency or prolapse, happens when a valve doesn't close properly, allowing blood to leak backward into the chamber it just left. This also increases the workload on the heart and can cause similar symptoms.

Several factors can cause these valve dysfunctions. Congenital heart defects, where a valve is abnormal from birth, are one cause. Rheumatic fever, an inflammatory response to a streptococcal infection, can damage heart valves over time. Age-related wear and tear, infections like endocarditis, and conditions like high blood pressure can also contribute to valve problems.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, listening for abnormal heart sounds (murmurs) with a stethoscope, and often an echocardiogram, which uses ultrasound to visualize the heart valves and their function. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the condition and the specific valve involved. Mild cases may be managed with medication and lifestyle changes to control symptoms and reduce strain on the heart. Severe cases often require surgical intervention, such as valve repair or replacement.