Szekvenciastratigráfia

Szekvenciastratigráfia is a geological methodology used to subdivide and correlate sedimentary successions. It focuses on analyzing the relationships between genetically linked bodies of sediment and rock, referred to as sequences. These sequences are bounded by unconformities, which represent periods of erosion or non-deposition. The fundamental concept is that relative sea-level changes are the primary control on the development of these sedimentary sequences.

The analysis involves identifying and interpreting key surfaces and facies within the sedimentary record. Strata are grouped into systems tracts, which are defined by their depositional environments and patterns of accommodation space creation. These systems tracts are then organized into larger sequences, typically representing a complete cycle of relative sea-level rise and fall.

Key components of sequence stratigraphy include unconformities, the maximum flooding surface, and transgressive and regressive systems tracts. Transgressive systems tracts form during periods of rising sea level, while regressive systems tracts form during periods of falling sea level. Understanding these relationships allows geoscientists to reconstruct past environments, predict the distribution of lithologies and potential hydrocarbon reservoirs, and correlate rock units across large distances. This approach has become a standard tool in petroleum exploration, sedimentology, and stratigraphy.