Szaruhártyagyulladás

Szaruhártyagyulladás, also known as keratitis, is an inflammation of the cornea, the transparent outer layer of the eye that covers the iris and pupil. This condition can affect one or both eyes and can be caused by a variety of factors. Common causes include bacterial infections, viral infections (such as herpes simplex virus), fungal infections, and parasitic infections (like Acanthamoeba, often associated with contact lens wear). Dry eye syndrome can also predispose individuals to keratitis by compromising the cornea's natural defenses. Physical trauma, such as a scratch from a fingernail or foreign object, or exposure to ultraviolet light can also lead to inflammation.

Symptoms of szaruhártyagyulladás typically include eye pain, redness, a gritty sensation, light sensitivity (photophobia), blurred vision, and excessive tearing or discharge. In severe cases, vision loss can occur. Diagnosis is usually made through a physical examination of the eye, often using a slit lamp microscope. Diagnostic tests may include corneal scrapings to identify the causative agent.

Treatment for keratitis depends on the underlying cause. Bacterial infections are typically treated with antibiotic eye drops or ointments. Viral infections may be managed with antiviral medications. Fungal infections require antifungal treatments, and parasitic infections necessitate specific antiparasitic drugs. For dry eye-related keratitis, artificial tears and other lubricating agents are often prescribed. In some cases, especially with severe damage or scarring, a corneal transplant may be necessary. Prompt medical attention is crucial to prevent complications and preserve vision.