Syöpägenetiikka

Syöpägenetiikka, often translated as cancer genetics, is the study of how genetic mutations and alterations contribute to the development and progression of cancer. This field investigates the specific changes in a person's DNA that can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and the formation of tumors. These genetic changes can be inherited from parents, known as germline mutations, or acquired during a person's lifetime, called somatic mutations, as a result of environmental factors or random errors in cell division.

Understanding cancer genetics is crucial for diagnosing, treating, and preventing cancer. By identifying specific genetic mutations, scientists and clinicians can better classify different types of cancer, predict how aggressive a tumor might be, and determine which treatments are most likely to be effective. For instance, certain targeted therapies are designed to inhibit the activity of specific mutated proteins that drive cancer growth.

Furthermore, genetic testing plays an increasingly important role in cancer management. Germline genetic testing can identify individuals who have an inherited predisposition to certain cancers, allowing for early screening and preventative measures. Somatic genetic testing of tumor tissue helps guide treatment decisions for individual patients. Research in cancer genetics continues to uncover new genetic targets and develop more personalized approaches to cancer care, aiming to improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden of this disease.