Syöpäalttiuksien

Syöpäalttiudet, known in English as cancer susceptibilities or predispositions, refer to inherited genetic variations that increase an individual's risk of developing certain types of cancer. These are not the same as directly inherited cancers, but rather genetic traits that make cancer more likely to occur, often at an earlier age or with a higher probability than in the general population.

These predispositions are typically caused by mutations in specific genes that play a role in cell growth, DNA repair, or tumor suppression. When these genes are not functioning correctly due to a mutation, cells can divide uncontrollably, leading to the formation of tumors. Examples include mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which significantly increase the risk of breast, ovarian, and other cancers, and mutations in the APC gene, associated with familial adenomatous polyposis, a condition that strongly predisposes individuals to colorectal cancer.

Genetic testing can identify many of these cancer susceptibilities. For individuals identified as having a heightened risk, medical professionals can recommend increased surveillance, preventive therapies, or prophylactic surgeries to reduce their cancer risk. Understanding one's genetic predisposition allows for personalized cancer prevention strategies and informed decision-making regarding health management. It is important to note that having a cancer susceptibility gene does not guarantee that a person will develop cancer, but rather signifies an elevated risk. Environmental factors and lifestyle choices also play a significant role in cancer development.