Syväsienitautien

Syväsienitaudit, also known as deep fungal infections, are serious infections caused by pathogenic fungi that invade internal organs and tissues of the body. Unlike superficial fungal infections that affect the skin, hair, or nails, deep fungal infections can be life-threatening. These infections are more common in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, organ transplant recipients, cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, or individuals on long-term corticosteroid therapy.

The causative agents of deep fungal infections are typically fungi that exist in the environment, such as molds and yeasts. Common examples include Candida species, Aspergillus species, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Histoplasma capsulatum. Transmission usually occurs through inhalation of fungal spores from contaminated soil, dust, or decaying organic matter. In some cases, direct inoculation into the bloodstream or tissues can also lead to infection.

Symptoms of deep fungal infections vary depending on the affected organ and the specific fungus. They can range from flu-like symptoms, fever, and fatigue to more severe manifestations like pneumonia, meningitis, encephalitis, endocarditis, or disseminated infections affecting multiple organs. Diagnosis often involves laboratory tests, including blood cultures, tissue biopsies, and imaging studies. Treatment typically involves prolonged courses of antifungal medications, which can be administered intravenously or orally. The choice of antifungal drug and the duration of treatment depend on the type of fungal infection, its severity, and the patient's overall health. Prevention strategies focus on minimizing exposure to environmental fungi, especially for immunocompromised individuals.