Sydänlihasinfarkti

Sydänlihasinfarkti, commonly known as a heart attack, is a medical emergency that occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart muscle is severely reduced or blocked. This blockage is typically caused by a buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries, which can rupture and form a blood clot. When the clot obstructs blood flow, the heart muscle begins to die due to lack of oxygen.

Symptoms can vary but often include chest pain or discomfort, which may feel like pressure, squeezing, fullness, or pain. This pain can radiate to the arm (usually the left), jaw, neck, back, or stomach. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, cold sweats, nausea, vomiting, and lightheadedness. It is important to note that women may experience less typical symptoms, such as unusual fatigue, sleep disturbances, or jaw pain.

Diagnosis typically involves an electrocardiogram (ECG) to assess the heart's electrical activity, blood tests to detect cardiac enzymes released into the bloodstream when heart muscle is damaged, and sometimes imaging tests like an echocardiogram. Treatment aims to restore blood flow to the heart muscle as quickly as possible. This may involve medications to dissolve blood clots or open arteries, angioplasty with stent placement to widen blocked arteries, or bypass surgery. Prompt medical attention is crucial to minimize damage to the heart muscle and improve the chances of survival and recovery.