Sydänjohteluongelmien

Sydänjohteluongelmat, also known as conduction disorders of the heart, refer to disruptions in the electrical system that controls the heart's rhythm. This system, composed of specialized cells, generates and transmits electrical impulses that cause the heart to contract and pump blood efficiently. When these impulses are blocked or slowed down, the heart's rhythm can become irregular, too fast, or too slow.

There are several types of conduction problems. Atrioventricular (AV) block is a common category, where the electrical signal is delayed or completely blocked as it travels from the atria to the ventricles. This is further classified into first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree (complete) heart block, with increasing severity of the conduction issue. Bundle branch blocks occur when the electrical pathway within the ventricles is disrupted, affecting the synchronized contraction of the heart. Sinus node dysfunction, also known as sick sinus syndrome, affects the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinoatrial (SA) node, leading to irregular and often slow heart rhythms.

Symptoms of sydänjohteluongelmat can vary widely depending on the severity and type of the disorder. Some individuals may experience no symptoms, while others may suffer from dizziness, fainting (syncope), shortness of breath, fatigue, palpitations, or chest pain.

Diagnosis typically involves an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), which records the heart's electrical activity. Holter monitors, which record the heart rhythm over a longer period, and event recorders may also be used. Echocardiograms and stress tests can provide further information about the heart's structure and function.

Treatment depends on the specific conduction problem and its severity. Mild cases may not require treatment, while more severe or symptomatic conditions might necessitate medications to regulate heart rate or rhythm, or the implantation of a pacemaker to help maintain a regular heartbeat. Lifestyle modifications and addressing underlying cardiac conditions are also important aspects of management.