Swans

Swans are large waterfowl in the genus Cygnus, within the family Anatidae. They are among the largest flying birds, known for long necks, broad wings, and graceful silhouettes. There are six to seven recognized species, including the mute swan (Cygnus olor), whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus), tundra swan (Cygnus columbianus), Bewick’s swan (Cygnus columbianus bewickii), trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator), and the black swan (Cygnus atratus).

Swans occupy wetlands, lakes, and rivers across temperate and boreal regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with the black swan native to Australia. Some populations migrate seasonally, traveling long distances between breeding and wintering grounds.

Diet is primarily herbivorous, consisting mainly of aquatic plants, roots, and grasses; they may consume small aquatic animals and grain when available in agricultural or urban areas. They are strong fliers and often migrate in large formations, though behavior varies by species and region.

Reproduction typically involves forming long-term pair bonds. Nests are built near water, and clutches usually contain several eggs. Incubation lasts about 34 to 40 days, and the young, known as cygnets, fledge after roughly two to three months depending on species and conditions.

Conservation status varies by species and region. Many swan populations are of least concern, but local declines can occur due to habitat loss, pollution, lead poisoning from ingested ammunition, and boating collisions. Protected status and management actions exist in many areas to support populations.