Sveppasjúkdómar

Sveppasjúkdómar, or fungal infections, are illnesses caused by pathogenic fungi. These microorganisms, which can be yeasts, molds, or dimorphic fungi, can infect various parts of the body, from the skin and nails to internal organs. Fungal infections are broadly categorized into superficial, subcutaneous, and systemic types. Superficial infections affect the outermost layers of skin and hair, such as athlete's foot (tinea pedis) or ringworm (tinea corporis), often presenting as itchy, red, and scaly rashes. Subcutaneous infections penetrate deeper into the skin and underlying tissues, sometimes entering through minor wounds. Systemic fungal infections are less common but can be serious, affecting internal organs and potentially spreading throughout the body. These are more likely to occur in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, undergoing chemotherapy, or taking immunosuppressant drugs. Common causes of fungal infections include exposure to contaminated soil, plants, or direct contact with infected individuals or animals. Diagnosis typically involves microscopic examination of samples, fungal cultures, or serological tests. Treatment often involves antifungal medications, which can be topical creams, oral tablets, or intravenous infusions, depending on the severity and location of the infection. Prevention strategies include maintaining good personal hygiene, keeping skin dry, and avoiding prolonged exposure to damp environments.