Svans

Svans are an ethnolinguistic sub-group of Georgians, primarily residing in Svaneti, a highland region in northwestern Georgia. They form one of the traditional Georgian subgroups and share a common heritage, language, and cultural practices, while integrating into the broader Georgian national identity.

The Svan language is their traditional tongue. It is a Kartvelian (South Caucasian) language, distinct from Georgian and subdivided into several dialects, some of which are not mutually intelligible with other Svans or with Georgian. Most Svans are bilingual in Georgian, and younger generations often use Georgian as their primary language. Svan has no official status in education, although there are efforts to document and preserve it.

Geographically, Svaneti is marked by rugged mountains, deep valleys, and isolated villages. Historically, Svans lived in tight-knit communities and built defensive stone towers in the upper villages. Today the region is a destination for mountain tourism, with notable villages such as Mestia and Ushguli.

Cultural life features distinctive folk traditions, including Svan polyphonic singing—an important part of Georgian choral heritage—traditional dress and crafts, and a tradition of hospitality. The Svans are predominantly Georgian Orthodox, with local customs connected to the church.

Historically, Svans trace their roots to ancient Georgian polities and have played a role in the Caucasus's medieval politics and culture. The Svan identity remains visible in regional customs, language, and landscape.