Sukupuolisidonnainen

Sukupuolisidonnainen refers to a trait or condition that is linked to an individual's sex, typically inherited through genes located on the sex chromosomes. In humans, sex is determined by the X and Y chromosomes. Females typically have two X chromosomes (XX), while males typically have one X and one Y chromosome (XY).

There are different modes of sex-linked inheritance. X-linked inheritance occurs when a gene responsible for a trait is located on the X chromosome. Since males have only one X chromosome, they express the trait if they inherit just one copy of the relevant gene. Females, having two X chromosomes, need to inherit two copies of the gene (one on each X chromosome) to express the trait if it is recessive, or one copy if it is dominant. This is why certain X-linked conditions, such as red-green color blindness and hemophilia, are much more common in males than in females.

Y-linked inheritance occurs when a gene is located on the Y chromosome. Since only males possess a Y chromosome, Y-linked traits are passed directly from father to son and affect only males.

The concept of "sukupuolisidonnainen" is crucial in genetics and medicine for understanding the inheritance patterns of various traits and diseases and for genetic counseling. It helps explain why certain conditions manifest differently or with varying frequencies between biological males and females.