Stropharia

Stropharia is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. The genus name Stropharia derives from the Greek word strophos, meaning "a twisted cord," referring to the often coiled or twisted appearance of the stipe. Species within this genus are commonly known as "shaggy manes" or "wine caps" depending on the specific species. They are saprophytic, meaning they obtain nutrients by decomposing dead organic matter, often found on wood chips, straw, or dung.

The fruiting bodies of Stropharia mushrooms typically have a fleshy cap that can range in color from white to brown, often with scales or remnants of the universal veil. The gills are usually attached to the stem and can be white, gray, or purplish-brown. The stipe is often stout and may have a ring or annulus. Some species are edible and cultivated, such as Stropharia rugosoannulata, commonly known as the wine cap mushroom, which is popular for its culinary qualities and ease of growth in gardens.

Other species, like Stropharia aeruginosa, are known for their striking blue-green coloration, which can fade with age. While some Stropharia species are consumed, others are considered inedible or even mildly toxic due to the presence of psilocybin or other psychoactive compounds, although this is less common in well-known edible species. Scientific research continues to explore the biochemical and ecological roles of various Stropharia species.