Stromschiene

Stromschiene is a term used for a current-carrying conductor that supplies electrical power to electric rail vehicles. In many systems, the Stromschiene functions as a third rail (Dritte Schiene), running parallel to or between the running rails and delivering direct current to the vehicle through a contact element such as a shoe or a short pantograph. The conductor is typically made of durable metal, often steel or a copper alloy, and is mounted in insulated supports or casings to protect it from weather and accidental contact.

Stromschienen are common in urban rapid transit and some regional rail networks where overhead lines are undesirable or impractical. Typical operating voltages for third-rail systems are in the hundreds of volts direct current, commonly around 600 to 750 V DC, though values can vary by country and network. The design emphasizes robust mechanical support and reliable electrical contact, since poor alignment, fouling, or icing can reduce performance.

Maintenance involves inspecting wear on the contact interface, ensuring correct shoe guidance, cleaning contamination, and checking insulation and protective covers. Safety measures include fencing, warning signs, and, where feasible, protective housings to limit access to the live conductor.

Compared with overhead catenary systems, Stromschienen offer lower infrastructural complexity in certain alignments but pose different safety considerations and are typically limited to lower speeds and fixed guide paths. See also: Dritte Schiene, Oberleitung, Pantograph, Bahntechnik.