Straßenoberbau

Straßenoberbau refers to the entire layered structure of a road pavement, designed to distribute traffic loads to the subgrade. It comprises several distinct components, each fulfilling a specific function. The primary objective of the Straßenoberbau is to provide a smooth, durable, and safe surface for vehicles while protecting the underlying soil from excessive stress.

The uppermost layer is the surface course, often called the Deckschicht or Binderachicht, which directly interacts with traffic. This layer is typically made of asphalt concrete or stone mastic asphalt and is crucial for skid resistance, water runoff, and aesthetic appearance. Beneath the surface course lies the base course, or Tragschicht, which is a thicker layer that bears a significant portion of the load and distributes it over a wider area. This is usually constructed from asphalt concrete or unbound granular materials.

Further down is the sub-base, or Frostschutzschicht, which serves to prevent frost heave and further improve load distribution. It is generally made of frost-susceptible materials like gravel or crushed stone. Finally, the underlying natural ground, known as the subgrade or Untergrund, supports the entire pavement structure. The design and material selection for each layer of the Straßenoberbau are determined by factors such as expected traffic volume and weight, climate conditions, and the load-bearing capacity of the subgrade. Proper construction and maintenance of the Straßenoberbau are essential for the longevity and functionality of any road.